Dynamics of the Global Wine Sector in the 2015–2024 Period: Comparative Analysis of Vineyard Area, Table Grape Production and Wine Production

Abstract

The global wine sector represents one of the most dynamic segments of global agriculture, characterized by a complex interdependence between natural resources, agroclimatic conditions, economic structures and international demand. In the last decade, developments in this sector have been significantly influenced by climate variability, changes in consumer preferences, and reorganization processes in agri-food chains. According to the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), global grape and wine production has experienced significant fluctuations in recent times, while the table grape segment has experienced sustained expansion, especially in Asia. This study comparatively analyzed the dynamics of the global wine sector during the period 2015–2024, using three fundamental indicators: vine area (VA), table grape production (TGP) and wine production (WP). The analysis was conducted for the main producing countries, including the aggregates “Other Countries” and “World”, based on a harmonized statistical database. The objectives of the research were: highlighting the evolution over time of the three indicators, identifying changes in the hierarchy of countries, determining growth rates and analyzing statistical relationships between the components of the wine system. The methodology used combined time series analysis (fixed-base and chain-linked dynamic indices, average annual growth rates), comparative and hierarchical analysis, as well as statistical methods for investigating relationships between variables, including Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. The results were supported by graphical representations and correlation matrices, which allowed highlighting structural trends and the degree of interdependence between the vineyard area and the level of production. The results of the study highlighted the existence of significant differences between the dynamics of vineyard area and production, suggesting an intensification of resource use in certain regions, as well as a functional specialization between countries oriented towards wine production and those oriented towards table grapes. The correlation analysis indicated different relationships between variables, reflecting the diversity of development models of the global wine sector. The study contributes to the understanding of recent transformations in global viticulture and provides an analytical basis for agricultural policies and development strategies in the field.