Variation in Wheat Yield and Grain Quality –Case Study in Voiteg Area, Timiș County, during 2023–2025

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important agricultural crops in the Western Plain of Romania, with productivity and harvest quality being strongly influenced by the genotype, crop technology and climatic conditions during the growing season. The present study analyzed the variation of yield (Y, kg h^-1) and the main quality parameters of wheat grains, namely protein content (PRO, %), hectoliter weight (HW, kg hl^-1), moisture (Mst, %) and foreign body content (FB, %) under the pedoclimatic conditions of the area of ​​Voiteg, Timiș County. The study was conducted over three consecutive agricultural years, during the period 2022–2025. Experimental data were recorded for each year of study, and statistical analysis aimed to identify annual trends, relationships between production and quality parameters, and the influence of climatic conditions on wheat crop performance. The results highlighted the variation in average yield from 5500 kg ha^-1 in 2023 to 9000 kg ha^-1 in 2025. In parallel, the average protein content presented values ​​from 10.80% to 12.00%, and the hectoliter weight from 78.00 kg hl^-1 to 80.00 kg hl^-1. In the 2024 - 2025 agricultural year was recorded the best values for yield and for the quality indicators considered. The analysis of the relationships between parameters revealed positive associations between production, protein content and hectoliter weight, suggesting a favorable effect of climatic conditions on the accumulation of useful biomass (grain yield) and grain quality. The results confirm the importance of monitoring climatic factors in order to optimize crop technology and the stability of wheat production under current climate variability.